INTRODUCTION:

The rapid urbanization and industrialization all over the world made natural sand as a scarce material, which is one prime constitute of cement concrete. The alternative way of getting substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural stone to get artificial sand of desired size and grade which would be free from all impurities. Manufactured sand used in the current investigation is made of crushing rock boulders in vertical shaft impact crushers. For the purpose of experimentation concrete mix is designed for M40 grade artificial sand concrete (ASC) by 0% to 100% replacement of natural sand to artificial sand with a replacement increment of 10%. The super plasticizer (SP) is used as admixture of dosage 0.5% volume fraction in all mixes. The Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural strength of M40 concrete and Slump for various replacements of natural sand to manufactured sand presented are presented in this paper.

LITERATURE REVIEW:

The availability of natural sand becomes very scarce day by day due to rapid urbanization and industrialization of every part of the world. Hence availability of natural sand for concrete preparation also limited. Many authors done investigation on concrete by replacing sand by alternative materials such as, local materials, used sand, ceramic fines, bottom ash etc. ^1,3,4,6,9,15. Availability of above materials in large quantity is restricted to few areas and not in all places. But, manufactured sand/artificial sand can be made available everywhere due to availability of plenty of crushed stones. Few authors carried out studies on the compressive strength studies of concrete made of manufactured sand (M-sand)/artificial sand in varying proportions were higher than those of conventional concrete by using natural sand as fine aggregate ^{2, 5, 7, 8,
10-14, 16}. However, it was found that workability of the concrete mixes decreased with an increase in percentage of M-sand as fine aggregate. It reveals that higher water requirement in such concrete to maintain desired workability. But, higher percentage of water reduces the strength of concrete; alternatively plasticizer can be substituted to main workability without effecting strength of concrete ²⁴

In the current investigation M40 concrete mix tested for its compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength by replacing varying quantity of fine aggregate with M-sand (0% - 100%), which is most common concrete mix used in highway bridge construction. An attempt has been made to find optimal percentage replacement of fine aggregate with M-sand to get maximum strength.

METHODOLOGY:

The research methodology that has been followed during the study includes, collection of materials, testing of materials for its physical properties, casting and testing of concrete for 7, 14 and 28 days strength for compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests.

MATERIALS:

Cement:

Ordinary Portland cement of 53grade confirming to IS 12269-1989(19), (Locally available brand Penna super) is used for this present study. The specific gravity of cement is 3.15, and the other properties of cement are given in table 1.

Table - 1. Physical properties of cement

Property	Value	Requirement (IS 12269-1989)
Specific gravity	3.15	-
Initial setting time	33 min.	Minimum 30 min.
Final setting time	385 min.	Maximum 600 min.
Fineness modulus	1.68%	<10%
Sound ness	1.00	Maximum 10 mm
Standard consistency	28.20%	-

Coarse Aggregates:

Crushed granite aggregates of (maximum size) 20mm graded metal is used. By blending the aggregates the percentage of 20mm and 12mm is arrived, then mixing the blended aggregates properly, Sieve analysis has been carried out, and fineness modules has been arrived as 6.67. The coarse aggregate having specific gravity 2.70, bulk density 1510 Kg/m³ and Impact value of 12.50% was used²⁴. The physical properties of coarse are presented in Table 2.

Table - 2. Physical properties of coarse aggregate and fine aggregates

Property	Coarse aggregate	Fine aggregate
Property	Coarse aggregate	River sand	M-sand
Specific gravity	2.70	2.60	2.45
Bulk density (kg/m3)	1510	1460	1556
Water absorption (%)	0.45	1.00	0.85
Moisture content (%)	0.65	1.55	1.10
Aggregate impact value (%)	12.50	-	-
Fineness modules	6.67	3.44	3.54
Fineness particles Less than 150mm (%)	-	4.14	7.60
Sieve analysis		Zone II	Zone II

Fine aggregates:

River sand:

Sand available in river Cauvery is used for current work, having the bulk density of 1460kg/m³, specific gravity 2.60, and sieve analysis carried out and the fineness modulus is 3.44. The physical properties of river sand were tabulated in table no. 2²⁴.

Manufactured sand (M-sand):

Manufactured/Artificial sand is manufactured in vertical shaft impact crusher (VSI crusher at Salem) was collected from nearby Quarry at Panamarathupatty, Salem. It is used as an alternate for river sand in replacement of fine aggregates. The bulk density of M-sand is 1556 kg/m³, specific gravity 2.45 and sieve analysis for M-sand is carried out and the fineness modulus is 3.54. Details of physical properties of M-sand were tabulated in table no. 2²⁴.

Super-plasticizer:

In order to improve the workability of concrete, super plasticizer in the form of ceraplast 300 RS (G) complies with IS 9103: 1999 and ASTM C 494(18) type F as a high range of water reducer is used. It is brown liquid, easily soluble in water.

Water:

Fresh potable water (23) having p^H value 7 is used for making concrete and for curing the concrete cubes.

MIX PROPORTIONS:

Concrete mix was designed as per BIS 10262: 2009(20) and the mix proportions presented in Table 3.

Table - 3. Mix proportions for M40 grade concrete for varying replacement of fine aggregate with M-sand

S. No	Mix details	Cement (kg/m³)	Natural sand (kg/m³)	M-sand (kg/m³)	Coarse aggregates (kg/m³)	Water (l/m³)
1.	M1(AS0)	430	572	-	1144	176
2.	M2(AS10)	430	515	57	1144	176
3.	M3(AS20)	430	458	114	1144	176
4.	M4(AS30)	430	401	171	1144	176
5.	M5(AS40)	430	343	229	1144	176
6.	M6(AS50)	430	286	286	1144	176
7.	M7(AS60)	430	229	343	1144	176
8.	M8(AS70)	430	172	400	1144	176
9	M9(AS80)	430	114	458	1144	176
10	M10(AS90)	430	57	515	1144	176
11	M11(AS100)	430	-	572	1144	176

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

The main objective of current experimental investigation is to find out the effective percentage of replacement of river sand by M- sand with 0%- 100% to achieve maximum compressive strength. Concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262-2009(20). M40 grade concrete having mix proportions of 1:1.33: 2.66 used by weight and the w/c ratio is 0.40 as per the designed curve. Concrete mix with different proportions of M-sand is added for replacement of river sand from 0% to 100%. The mixes are designated as M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10 and M11 respectively. The concrete mix proportions are presented in Table-3. The specimens of cubes of size 150mm×150mm×150mm,Cylinders of size 150mm diameter and 300mm length and, beams of size 100x100x500mm were casted, and cured as per Specifications and tested for 7days,14 days, and 28days for Compression, Split Tensile and Flexural Strength.

Consistency of concrete with ceraplast 300 RS (G) as plasticizer is tested by slump test for W/C ratio of 0.40 (as per BIS 1199-1959) (21) and for different mix proportions of river sand and M-sand. The results are tabulated in Table 4 and Figure-1. The values reveals that, increase of percentage of M-sand in concrete causes increases in the slump values (good workability). Because, concrete with plasticizer considerably improved the slump values compared to concrete without plasticizer²⁴. Concrete after properly curried for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days are taken from the water tank and exposed for few hours for natural conditions and then tested in concrete compressive testing machine (CTM). The compressive strength of various mixes of M40 grade with plasticizer are given in Table- 5 and shown in Figure-2.The Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength of concrete (22) for various mixes of concrete are presented in Table 6, Table 7, Figure-3 and Figure-4 and the results were discussed.

Table – 4. Workability of concrete for different mixes (Slump)

S. No.	Mix	Slump (mm)
S. No.	Mix	With SP
1	M1(AS0)	67.00
2	M2(AS10)	68.00
3	M3(AS20)	67.00
4	M4 (AS30)	70.00
5	M5(AS40)	72.00
6	M6(AS50)	75.00
7	M7(AS60)	80.00
8	M8(AS70)	85.00
9	M9(AS80)	90.00
10	M10(AS90)	105.00
11	M11 (AS100)	110.00

Table : 5 Compressive Strength Of Various Mixes Of M40 Concrete

Sl. No	Mix Proportion (River Sand : Artificial Sand)	Compressive Strength N/mm²
		7 Days	14 Days	28 Days
		With SP	With SP	With SP
1	M1(AS0)	40.00	56.20	60.84
2	M2(AS10)	40.20	56.60	61.20
3	M3(AS20)	40.30	56.80	61.50
4	M4(AS30)	40.50	56.90	61.80
5	M5(AS40)	40.87	56.70	66.90
6	M6(AS50)	40.67	57.10	67.15
7	M7(AS60)	42.92	57.25	67.20
8	M8(AS70)	43.80	61.30	67.20
9	M9(AS80)	42.50	55.90	67.00
10	M10(AS90)	42.50	54.20	67.15
11	M11(AS100)	43.06	53.10	66.90

Figure : 1 Workability of Concrete For Different Mixes (Slump)

Figure-2. compressive strength of M40 concrete for different % of Artificial sand

Table: 6 Split Tensile strength of various mixes of M40 concrete

Sl. No.	Mix Proportion	Split Tensile Strength N/mm²
Sl. No.	Mix Proportion	7 Days	14 Days	28 Days
1	M1(AS0)	4.28	5.25	6.60
2	M2(AS10)	4.28	5.30	6.85
3	M3(AS20)	4.32	5.32	6.85
4	M4(AS30)	4.35	5.35	6.90
5	M5(AS40)	4.38	5.35	6.92
6	M6(AS50)	4.45	5.50	6.98
7	M7(AS60)	4.60	5.50	7.00
8	M8(AS70)	4.95	5.62	7.30
9	M9(AS80)	4.78	5.58	7.05
10	M10(AS90)	4.80	5.40	7.10
11	M11(AS100)	4.75	5.35	7.08

Figure-3. Split Tensile strength of M40 concrete for different% of artificial sand

Table – 7. Flexural strength of various mixes of M40 concrete

Sl. No.	Mix	FLEXTURAL STRENGH N/mm²
Sl. No.	Mix	7 DAYS	14 Days	28 DAYS
1	M1(AS0)	4.85	5.92	7.90
2	M2(AS10)	4.90	5.90	7.98
3	M3(AS20)	4.92	5.92	7.98
4	M4(AS30)	4.98	5.95	8.10
5	M5(AS40)	5.10	5.98	8.20
6	M6(AS50)	5.15	6.50	8.30
7	M7(AS60)	5.15	6.63	8.28
8	M8(AS70)	5.30	6.70	8.65
9	M9(AS80)	5.20	6.60	8.31
10	M10(AS90)	5.22	6.38	8.24
11	M11(AS100)	5.25	6.52	8.46

Figure-4. Variation of Flexural strength of M40 concrete for different% of artificial sand

CONCLUSIONS:

The Concrete cubes, Cylinders, and beams were casted at various percentage of M-Sand content. The water cement ratio for this work was taken as 0.40 and cera plast 300 RS(G) super plasticizer is used as admixture of dosage 0.5% volume fraction. Cubes were tested for 7, 14 and 28 days to determine compressive strength ,Split Tensile Strength, and Flexural Strength of M40 concrete with Super plasticizer.

The following are the conclusions drawn from the current investigation:

· M40 concrete mix using100% natural river sand and with an admixture yielded at 28 days strength of 60.84 N/mm². However, M40 concrete with 70% replacement of natural sand by M-sand yield compressive strength of 67.20 N/mm², which is 10.45% higher. The compressive strength of all mixes increased with age from 7 days to 28 days. Current investigation revealed that compressive strength decreases at 28 days for concrete with Super plasticizer . and beyond 70% replacement of natural sand by M-sand. On the other hand, compressive strength decreases at 28 days for concrete with Super plasticizer for beyond 70% replacement of natural sand by M-sand. Hence for achieving maximum strength of M40 concrete, the optimum replacement of natural sand up to 70% permissible with Super plasticizer and giving more than the required as per B I S :456 -2000

· Concrete mix becomes harsh with increase in percentage of manufactured sand. Hence to increase the workability use of 0.5% volume fraction of Cera Plast 300 RS (G) Super plasticizer admixture is used.

· The flexural strength of all mixes determined and the strength increases from 0% to 70% of replacement from against the conventional concrete and also the flexural strength is more than the BIS standards for 100%replacements.The flexural strength of controlled concrete is 7.90MPa and for maximum strength at 28 days for M sand concrete is 8.65Mpa at 70% replacements which is 9.49% more than the conventional concrete

· The split tensile strength of m sand for 70% replacement gives 7.30N/mm2 which is 10.61% more than the conventional concrete at 28 days and also more than the BIS standards for 100% replacements hence M sand is suitable for concrete M40 grade Concrete.

· The M40 concrete prepared using the M-sand yielded the satisfactory results in terms of strength and workability. Hence use M-sand for concrete is recommended for construction activities.

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Received on 18.11.2015 Accepted on 20.12.2015

Int. J. Tech. 5(2): July-Dec., 2015; Page 145-150

DOI: 10.5958/2231-3915.2015.00010.3